Alfakalcidol v léčbě osteoporózy
Alfakalcidol [1a(OH)D3] je jedním ze synteticky vyrobených prekurzorů kalcitriolu. Jedná se o systém označovaný jako prodrug, kdy aktivní látka vzniká z podaného léčiva metabolickou změnou, v tomto případě hydroxylací, přímo v organismu. Po perorálním užití a střevní absorpci je alfakalcidol automaticky hydroxylován v játrech a částečně také v osteoblastech na 1a(25(OH)2D3. Jeho unikátní biologické a farmakologické vlastnosti ho činí velmi zajímavým z hlediska léčby osteoporózy. Oproti přirozenému vitaminu je alfakalcidol účinný u pacientů s normální i sníženou hladinou vitaminu D. Zvýšením hladiny D hormonu potlačuje produkci parathormonu, snižuje osteoresorpci a zvyšuje kostní formaci. Deficit D hormonu ovlivňuje přímo, jelikož nevyžaduje hydroxylaci v ledvinách a má rovněž schopnost příznivě ovlivnit poruchu receptorů pro vitamin D indukcí jejich exprese v cílových tkáních. Přirozený vitamin D slouží k nutriční suplementaci, zatímco alfakalcidol představuje farmakologickou intervenci. Místo alfakalcidolu v léčbě osteoporózy lze spatřovat zejména v léčbě starších nemocných se sarkopenií, se zvýšeným rizikem pádu a s přítomností renální nedostatečnosti ať už vyjádřené klinicky či pouze poklesem glomerulární filtrace pod 65 ml/min. Lze ho použít rovněž v léčbě glukokortikoidy indukované osteoporózy. Od léčby alfakalcidolem se dle výsledků klinických studií a jejich metaanalýz očekává snížení rizika pádu, zlepšení svalové síly, udržení a nárůst BMD v oblasti bederní páteře, snížení rizika vertebrálních a non-vertebrálních fraktur. Další přínos představuje pleiotropní efekt D hormonu na cílových tkáních při normalizaci jeho hladin
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