Gefitinib v léčbě lokálně pokročilého a/nebo metastazujícího nemalobuněčného plicního karcinomu
Gefitinib je jedním z nízkomolekulárních inhibitorů tyrozinkinázy (TK) receptoru pro epidermální růstový faktor (EGFR), který je dostupný pro perorální podávání ve standardní dávce 250 mg denně. EGFR je ve zvýšené míře exprimován u většiny buněk nemalobuněčného plicního karcinomu (NSCLC) a znamená jeho horší prognózu. Podávání inhibitorů TK u neselektované populace s NSCLC bez ohledu na expresi EGFR má limitovanou účinnost. Bylo zjištěno několik klinických charakteristik (asijské etnikum, nekuřáctví, ženské pohlaví, adenokarcinom), které jsou významně spojeny s odpovědí na inhibitory TK EGFR, ale to neznamená, že nemocní bez těchto znaků nemohou mít z léčby gefitinibem žádný užitek. Mutace receptoru EGFR se zatím ukazují být indikátorem prognózy, nikoli prediktorem účinnosti gefitinibu. Aby bylo v budoucnu možné předpovědět účinnost gefitinibu, jsou hledány nové molekulární markery, jako je KRAS či MET, nebo klinické ukazatele, jako je rozvoj kožní toxicity.
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